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    | COURSE SYLLABUS |  | HSS-008 – Principles of Macroeconomics |  | About the Course
 |  | The Principles of Macroeconomics examination covers material that is usually taught in a one-semester undergraduate course in this subject, including principles of economics that apply to an economy as a whole, particularly the general price level, output and income, and interrelations among sectors of the economy. The test places particular emphasis on the determinants of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, and on monetary and fiscal policy tools that can be used to achieve particular policy objectives. Within this context, youre expected to understand measurement concepts such as gross domestic product, consumption, investment, unemployment, inflation, inflationary gap and recessionary gap. Youre also expected to demonstrate knowledge of the institutional structure of the Federal Reserve Bank and the monetary policy tools it uses to stabilize economic fluctuations and promote long-term economic growth, as well as the tools of fiscal policy and their impacts on income, employment, price level, deficits, and interest rates. Basic understanding of foreign exchange markets, balance of payments, effects of currency, and appreciation and depreciation on a countrys imports and exports are also expected. |  
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 |  |  |  | Credit by Exam Program
 |  | College Level Examination Program (CLEP) |  | Resources
 |  | Exam Bank Questions = 266 FlashCard Phrases = 356
 Media Web Links = 5
 
 |  | Recommended Prerequisits
 |  | None |  | Sections
 |  | | Section 1 - Basic Economic Concepts |  | The following are among the topics covered in this section: 
 
Scarcity, choice, and opportunity costsProduction possibilities curveComparative advantage, specialization, and exchangeDemand, supply, and market equilibrium |  | Section 2 - Measurement of Economic Performance |  | The following are among the topics covered in this section: 
 
National income accounts
	Circular flowGross domestic productComponents of gross domestic productReal versus nominal gross domestic product Inflation measurement and adjustment
	Price indicesNominal and real valuesDemand-pull versus cost-push inflationCosts of inflation Unemployment
	Definition and measurementTypes of unemploymentNatural rate of unemployment |  | Section 3 - National Income and Price Determination |  | The following are among the topics covered in this section: 
 
Aggregate demand
	Determinants of aggregate demandMultiplier and crowding-out effects Aggregate supply
	Short-run and long-run analysesSticky versus flexible wages and pricesDeterminants of aggregate supply Macroeconomic equilibrium
	Real output and price levelShort and long runActual versus full-employment outputBusiness cycle and economic fluctuations |  | Section 4 - Financial Sector |  | The following are among the topics covered in this section: 
 
Money, banking, and financial markets
	Definition of financial assets: money, stocks, bondsTime value of money (present and future value)Measures of money supplyBanks and creation of moneyMoney demandMoney marketLoanable funds market Central bank and control of the money supply 
	Tools of central bank policyQuantity theory of moneyReal versus nominal interest rates |  | Section 5 - Inflation, Unemployment, and Stabilization Policies |  | The following are among the topics covered in this section: 
 
Fiscal and monetary policies
	Demand-side effectsSupply-side effectsPolicy mixGovernment deficits and debt Inflation and unemployment
	The Phillips curve: short run versus long runRole of expectations |  | Section 6 - Economic Growth and Productivity |  | The following are among the topics covered in this section: 
 
Investment in human capitalInvestment in physical capitalResearch and development, and technological progressGrowth policy |  | Section 7 - Open Economy: International Trade and Finance |  | The following are among the topics covered in this section: 
 
Balance of payments accounts
	Balance of tradeCurrent accountPolicy mixFinancial account (formerly called capital account) Foreign exchange market
	Demand for and supply of foreign exchangeExchange rate determinationCurrency appreciation and depreciationExchange rate policies Inflows, outflows and restrictions
	Net exports and capital flowsLinks to financial and goods marketsTariffs and quotas | 
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