| Section 1 - Educational Aims and Philosophies |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Lifelong learning
- Moral/character development
- Preparation for careers
- Preparation for responsible citizenship
- Socialization
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| Section 2 - Cognitive Perspective |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Attention and perception
- Memory
- Complex cognitive processes (e.g., problem solving, transfer,
conceptual change)
- Applications of cognitive theory
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| Section 3 - Behavioral Perspective |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Schedules of reinforcement
- Applications of behavioral perspectives
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| Section 4 - Development |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Cognitive
- Social
- Moral
- Gender identity/sex roles
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| Section 5 - Motivation |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Social-cognitive theories of motivation (e.g., attribution
theory, expectancy-value theory, goal orientation theory,
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, self-determination theory)
- Learned helplessness
- Teacher expectations/Pygmalion effect
- Anxiety/stress
- Applications of motivational theories
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| Section 6 - Individual Differences |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Intelligence
- Genetic and environmental influences
- Exceptionalities in learning (e.g., giftedness,
learning disabilities, behavior disorders)
- Ability grouping and tracking
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| Section 7 - Testing |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Classroom assessment (e.g., formative and summative evaluation,
grading procedures)
- Norm- and criterion-referenced tests
- Test reliability and validity
- Bias in testing
- High-stakes assessment
- Interpretation of test results (e.g., descriptive statistics, scaled scores)
- Use and misuse of tests
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| Section 8 - Pedagogy |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Planning instruction for effective learning
- Social constructivist pedagogy (e.g., scaffolding)
- Cooperative/collaborative learning
- Classroom management
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| Section 9 - Research Design and Analysis |
The following are among the topics covered in this section:
- Research design (e.g., longitudinal, experimental, case study,
quasi-experimental)
- Research methods (e.g., survey, observation, interview)
- Interpretation of research (e.g., correlation versus causation,
descriptive statistics)
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